stock exchange

Karachi Stock Exchange

2009-04-22T04:36:00.001-07:00

Karachi Stock Exchange

Type	Stock Exchange
Location	Karachi, Pakistan
Owner	Karachi Stock Exchange Limited
Key people	Adnan Afridi, CEO
Currency	PKR
No. of listings	671
MarketCap	US$ 73 billion
Volume	US$ 12 billion
Indexes	KSE 100 Index KSE-30 Index
Website	www.kse.com.pk

The Karachi Stock Exchange or KSE is a stock exchange located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Founded in 1947, it is Pakistan's largest and oldest stock exchange, with many Pakistani as well as overseas listings. Its current premises are situated on Stock Exchange Road, in the heart of Karachi's Business District.

History

Karachi Stock Exchange is the biggest and most liquid exchange in Pakistan. It was declared the “Best Performing Stock Market of the World for the year 2002”. As on May 30, 2008, 654 companies were listed with a market capitalization of Rs. 3,746.203 billion (US$ 56.334 billion) having listed capital of Rs. 705.873 billion (US$ 10.615 billion). The KSE 100TM Index closed at 12130.51 on May 30, 2008.

Business

Trading

The exchange has pre-market sessions from 09:15am to 09:30am and normal trading sessions from 09:30am to 03:30pm. It is the second oldest stock exchange in South Asia.^[1] The karachi stock exchange has undergone a considerable deal of downturn partly due to global financial crisis and partly on account of domestic troubles. It remained suspended in excess of 4 months and resumed normal trading only on December 15,2008. The KSE 100 Index and KSE 30 Index after hitting the low around mid january has now rebounced and recovered 20-25% till March 12th 2009.

Growth

The KSE is the biggest and most liquid exchange in Pakistan and in 2002 it was declared as the “Best Performing Stock Market of the World” by Business Week. As of December 20, 2007, 671 companies were listed with the market capitalization of Rs. 4364.312 billion (US$ 73 Billion) having listed capital of Rs. 717.3 billion (US$ 12 billion). On December 26, 2007, the KSE 100 Index reached its ever highest value and closed at 14,814.85 points.

Foreign buying interest had been very active on the KSE in 2006 and continued in 2007. According to estimates from the State Bank of Pakistan, foreign investment in capital markets total about US$523 Million. According to a research analyst in Pakistan, around 20pc of the total free float in KSE-30 Index is held by foreign participants.

KSE has seen some fluctuations since the start of 2008. One reason could be that it is the election year in Pakistan, and stocks are expected to remain dull. KSE has set an all time high of 15,000 points, before settling around the 14,000 mark.

Karachi stock exchange Board of Directors has recently (2007) announced plans to construct a 40 story high rise KSE building, as a new direction for future investment.

Disputes between investors and members of the Exchange are resolved through deliberations of the Arbitration Committee of the Exchange.

KSE began with a 50 shares index. As the market grew a representative index was needed. On November 1st, 91 the KSE-100 was introduced and remains to this day the most generally accepted measure of the Exchange. Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Index (KSE-100 Index) is a benchmark used to compare prices overtime, companies with the highest market capitalization are selected. To ensure full market representation, the company with the highest market capitalization from each sector is also included.

In 1995 the need was felt for an all share index to reconfirm the KSE-100 and also to provide the basis of index trading in future. On August the 29th, 1995 the KSE all share index was constructed and introduced on September 18, 1995.

2008 Karachi Stock Exchange Crisis

April 20 : Karachi Stock Exchange achieved a major milestone when KSE-100 Index crossed the psychological level of 15,000 for the first time in its history and peaked 15,737.32 on 20 April, 2008. Moreover, the increase of 7.4 per cent in 2008 made it the best performer among major emerging markets.^[2] ^[3]
May 23: Record high inflation in the month of May, 2008 resulted in the unexpected increase in the interest rates by State Bank of Pakistan which eventually resulted in sharp fall in Karachi Stock Exchange.^[4] ^[5]
July 17 :Angry investors attacked the Karachi Stock Exchange in protest at plunging Pakistani share prices. ^[6] ^[7]
July 16 : KSE-100 Index dropped one-third from an all-time high hit in April, 2008 as rising pressure on shaky Pakistan's coalition government to tackle Taliban militants exacerbates concern about the country's economic woes. ^[8]
August 18: KSE 100 Index rose more than 4% after the announcement of the resignation of President Pervez Musharraf but Credit Suisse Group said that Pakistan's Post-Musharraf rally in Stock Exchange will be short-lived because of a rising fiscal deficit and runaway inflation. ^[9] ^[10]
August 28 :Karachi Stock Exchange set a floor for stock prices to halt a plunge that has wiped out $36.9 billion of market value since April. ^[11]
December 15: Trading resumes after the removal of floor on stock prices that was set on August 28 to halt sharp falls. ^[12]

References

External links

Karachi Stock Exchange Website
Fund Managers Resource
A Memorable Year for Pakistani bourses, Dawn, Dec. 31, 2002
Who parented the stock market boom?, Dawn, Jan. 20, 2003

Osaka Securities Exchange

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Osaka Stock Exchange
大阪証券取引所
Type	Privately-held K.K.
Founded	June 1878
Headquarters	Osaka, Japan
Key people	Michio Yoneda (Chairman/CEO)
Industry	Financial
Products	Securities exchange
Employees	207
Website	http://www.ose.or.jp/e/index.html

Osaka Securities Exchange Building in Chuo-ku, Osaka

The Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (株式会社大阪証券取引所 ,Kabushiki-gaisha Ōsaka Shōken Torihikijo^?, OSE) (Hercules: 8697) is the second largest securities exchange in Japan, in terms of amount of business handled. As of 31 December 2007, the Osaka Securities Exchange had 477 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of $212 billion.^[1] The Nikkei 225 Futures, introduced at the Osaka Securities Exchange in 1988, is now an internationally recognized futures index. In contrast to the Tokyo Securities Exchange, which mainly deals in spot trading, the Osaka Securities Exchange’s strength is in derivative products today OSE is the leading Derivatives Exchange in Japan and it was the largest futures market in the world in 1990 and 1991. According to statistics from 2003, the Osaka Securities Exchange handled 59% of the stock price index futures market in Japan, and almost 100% of trading in the options market. Osaka Securities Exchange Co., which listed on its Hercules market for startups in April 2004 is the only Japanese securities exchange which went public on its own market.

In July 2006 OSE launched their newest futures contract the Nikkei 225 mini which is one tenth of the size of the original Nikkei 225 Futures contract and highly popular among Japanese individual investors. In September 2007 OSE established evening session for Stock Index Futures and Options.The trading hours is from 16:30 to 19:00 (JST. 7:30-10:00 in UTC).^[2]

New York Stock Exchange

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This article is about the stock exchange itself. For its parent company, see NYSE Euronext.

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New York Stock Exchange


Type	Stock exchange
Location	New York City, New York, United States
Coordinates	40°42′24″N 74°00′41″W / 40.70667°N 74.01139°W / 40.70667; -74.01139
Owner	NYSE Euronext
Key people	Duncan Niederauer (CEO)
Currency	United States dollar
No. of listings	2,773
MarketCap	US$25 trillion (2006)
Volume	US$22 trillion (2006)
Indexes	NYSE Composite Dow Jones Industrial Average
Website	www.nyse.com

New York Stock Exchange
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Front Elevation of New York Stock Exchange

Location:	New York, NY
Coordinates:	40°42′24.21″N 74°0′41.6″W / 40.706725°N 74.011556°W / 40.706725; -74.011556
Built/Founded:	1903
Architect:	Trowbridge & Livingston; George B. Post
Architectural style(s):	Classical Revival
Governing body:	Private
Added to NRHP:	June 2, 1978^[1]
Designated NHL:	June 2, 1978^[2]
NRHP Reference#:	78001877

New York Stock Exchange is an equity (stock) exchange located at 11 Wall Street in lower Manhattan, New York, USA). It is the largest stock exchange in the world by dollar value of its listed companies' securities.^[3] As of October 2008, the combined capitalization of all domestic New York Stock Exchange listed companies was US$10.1 trillion.^[4]

The NYSE is operated by NYSE Euronext, which was formed by the NYSE's 2007 merger with the fully-electronic stock exchange Euronext. The NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is composed of four rooms used for the facilitation of trading. A fifth trading room, located at 30 Broad Street, was closed in February 2007. The main building, located at 18 Broad Street, between the corners of Wall Street and Exchange Place, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978,^[5] as was the 11 Wall Street building.^[2]^[6]^[7]

Istanbul Stock Exchange

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Istanbul Stock Exchange

Type	Public
Founded	1866-1986
Headquarters	Istanbul, Turkey
Key people	Hüseyin Erkan,CEO-Chairman
Industry	Financial
Products	Stocks
Website	ise.org

The Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE)[1] (Turkish: İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası, İMKB) is the only corporation in Turkey for securities exchange established to provide trading in equities, bonds and bills, revenue-sharing certificates, private sector bonds, foreign securities and real estate certificates as well as international securities. The ISE was founded as an autonomous, professional organization in early 1986. It is situated in a modern building complex in Emirgan, on the European side of Istanbul since May 15, 1995. The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the ISE is Hüseyin Erkan who was appointed by the government on November 2, 2007.

ISE is home to 320 national companies. Trading hours are 09:30-12:00 for the first session and 14:00-17:00 for the second session, on workdays. All ISE members are incorporated banks and brokerage houses.

ISE price indices are computed and published throughout the trading session while the return indices are calculated and published at the close of the session only. The indices are: ISE National-All Shares Index, ISE National-30, ISE National-50, ISE National-100, Sector and sub-sector indices, ISE Second National Market Index, ISE New Economy Market Index and ISE Investment Trusts Index. The ISE National-100 Index contains both the ISE National-50 and ISE National-30 Index and is used as a main indicator of the national market.

Hong Kong Stock Exchange

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Hong Kong Stock Exchange

Type	Stock exchange
Location	Central, Hong Kong
Currency	Hong Kong dollar
Indexes	Hang Seng Index
Website	hkex.com.hk

The Hong Kong Stock Exchange (traditional Chinese: 香港交易所, also 港交所 (HKEX), SEHK: 0388) is the stock exchange of Hong Kong. The exchange has predominantly been the main exchange for Hong Kong where shares of listed companies are traded. It is Asia's third largest stock exchange in terms of market capitalization, behind the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. As of 31 December 2007, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange had 1,241 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of $2.7 trillion.^[1] Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing is the holding company for the exchange.

History

Hong Kong Exchange Trade Lobby

The history of the securities exchange began formally in the late 19th century with the first establishment in 1891, though informal securities exchanges have been known to take place since 1861^[2]. The exchange has predominantly been the main exchange for Hong Kong despite co-existing with other exchanges at different point in time. After a series of complex mergers and acquisitions, HKSE remains to be the core. From 1947 to 1969 the exchange monopolized the market

NYSE Logo

2009-04-02T01:00:00.000-07:00

New York Stock Exchange


Type	Stock exchange
Location	New York City, New York, United States
Coordinates	40°42′24″N 74°00′41″W / 40.70667°N 74.01139°W / 40.70667; -74.01139
Owner	NYSE Euronext
Key people	Duncan Niederauer (CEO)
Currency	United States dollar
No. of listings	2,773
MarketCap	US$25 trillion (2006)
Volume	US$22 trillion (2006)
Indexes	NYSE Composite Dow Jones Industrial Average
Website	www.nyse.com

New York Stock Exchange is an equity (stock) exchange located at 11 Wall Street in lower Manhattan, New York, USA). It is the largest stock exchange in the world by dollar value of its listed companies' securities.^[1] As of October 2008, the combined capitalization of all domestic New York Stock Exchange listed companies was US$10.1 trillion.^[2]

[hide]

[edit] History

The origin of the NYSE can be traced to May 17, 1792, when the Buttonwood Agreement was signed by 24 stock brokers outside of 68 Wall Street in New York under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street. On March 8, 1817, the organization drafted a constitution and renamed itself the "New York Stock & Exchange Board". Anthony Stockholm was elected the Exchange's first president. (For other presidents, see List of presidents of the New York Stock Exchange.)

The floor of the New York Stock Exchange in 1908

The first central location of the Exchange was a room, rented in 1817 for $200 a month, located at 40 Wall Street. After that location was destroyed in the Great Fire of New York (1835), the Exchange moved to a temporary headquarters. In 1863, the New York Stock & Exchange Board changed to its current name, the New York Stock Exchange. In 1865, the Exchange moved to 10-12 Broad Street.

New York Stock Exchange
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Front Elevation of New York Stock Exchange

Location:	New York, NY
Coordinates:	40°42′24.21″N 74°0′41.6″W / 40.706725°N 74.011556°W / 40.706725; -74.011556
Built/Founded:	1903
Architect:	Trowbridge & Livingston; George B. Post
Architectural style(s):	Classical Revival
Governing body:	Private
Added to NRHP:	June 2, 1978^[7]
Designated NHL:	June 2, 1978^[4]
NRHP Reference#:	78001877

The volume of stocks traded increased sixfold in the years between 1896 and 1901, and a larger space was required to conduct business in the expanding marketplace.^[8] Eight New York City architects were invited to participate in a design competition for a new building; ultimately, the Exchange selected the neoclassic design submitted by architect George B. Post. Demolition of the Exchange building at 10 Broad Street, and adjacent buildings, started on May 10, 1901.

The new building, located at 18 Broad Street, cost $4 million and opened on April 22, 1903. The trading floor, at 109 x 140 feet (33 x 42.5 m), was one of the largest volumes of space in the city at the time, and had a skylight set into a 72-foot (22 m)-high ceiling. The main façade of the building features six tall Corinthian capitals, topped by a marble sculpture by John Quincy Adams Ward, called “Integrity Protecting the Works of Man”. The building was listed as a National Historic Landmark and added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 2, 1978.^[9]

In 1922, a building for offices, designed by Trowbridge & Livingston, was added at 11 Broad Street, as well as a new trading floor called "the garage". Additional trading floor space was added in 1969 and 1988 (the "blue room") with the latest technology for information display and communication. Yet another trading floor was opened at 30 Broad Street in 2000. As the NYSE introduced its hybrid market, a greater proportion of trading came to be executed electronically, and due to the resulting reduction in demand for trading floor space, the NYSE decided to close the 30 Broad Street trading room in early 2006. As the adoption of electronic trading continued to reduce the number of traders and employees on the floor, in late 2007, the NYSE closed the rooms created by the 1969 and 1988 expansions.

The Stock Exchange Luncheon Club was situated on the seventh floor from 1898 until its closure in 2006. ^[10]

[edit] Events

The exchange was closed shortly after the beginning of World War I (July 31, 1914), but it partially re-opened on November 28 of that year in order to help the war effort by trading bonds, and completely reopened for stock trading in mid-December.

On September 16, 1920, a bomb exploded on Wall Street outside the NYSE building, killing 33 people and injuring more than 400. The perpetrators were never found. The NYSE building and some buildings nearby, such as the JP Morgan building, still have marks on their facades caused by the bombing.

The Black Thursday crash of the Exchange on October 24, 1929, and the sell-off panic which started on Black Tuesday, October 29, are often blamed for precipitating the Great Depression of 1929. In an effort to try to restore investor confidence, the Exchange unveiled a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public on October 31, 1938.

On October 1, 1934, the exchange was registered as a national securities exchange with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, with a president and a thirty-three member board. On February 18, 1971 the non-profit corporation was formed, and the number of board members was reduced to twenty-five.

One of Abbie Hoffman's well-known protests took place on August 24, 1967, when he led members of the Yippie movement to the gallery of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The protesters threw fistfuls of dollars (most of the bills were fake) down to the traders below, some of whom booed, while others began to scramble frantically to grab the money as fast as they could. Hoffman claimed to be pointing out that, metaphorically, that's what NYSE traders "were already doing." "We didn't call the press," wrote Hoffman, "at that time we really had no notion of anything called a media event." The press was quick to respond and by evening the event was reported around the world. Since that incident, the stock exchange has spent $20,000 to enclose the gallery with bulletproof glass.

On October 19, 1987, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) dropped 508 points, a 22.6% loss in a single day, the second-biggest one-day drop the exchange had experienced, prompting officials at the exchange to invoke for the first time the "circuit breaker" rule to halt all trading. This was a very controversial move and led to a quick change in the rule; trading now halts for an hour, two hours, or the rest of the day when the DJIA drops 10, 20, or 30 percent, respectively. In the afternoon, the 10% and 20% drops will halt trading for a shorter period of time, but a 30% drop will always close the exchange for the day. The rationale behind the trading halt was to give investors a chance to cool off and reevaluate their positions. Black Monday was followed by Terrible Tuesday, a day in which the Exchange's systems did not perform well and some people had difficulty completing their trades.

There was a panic similar to many with a fall of 7.2% in value (554.26 points) on October 27, 1997 prompted by falls in Asian markets, from which the NYSE recovered quickly.

On January 26, 2000, an altercation during filming of the music video for Sleep Now in the Fire, which was directed by Michael Moore, caused the doors of the exchange to be closed and the band, Rage Against the Machine, to be escorted from the site by security,^[11] after band members attempted to gain entry into the exchange.^[12] Trading on the exchange floor, however, continued uninterrupted.^[13]

information of stok exchange

2009-03-31T00:34:00.000-07:00

A stock exchange, (formerly a securities exchange) is a corporation or mutual organization which provides "trading" facilities for stock brokers and traders, to trade stocks and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of securities as well as other financial instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. The securities traded on a stock exchange include: shares issued by companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it has to be listed there. Usually there is a central location at least for recordkeeping, but trade is less and less linked to such a physical place, as modern markets are electronic networks, which gives them advantages of speed and cost of transactions. Trade on an exchange is by members only. The initial offering of stocks and bonds to investors is by definition done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market. Supply and demand in stock markets is driven by various factors which, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks (see stock valuation).

There is usually no compulsion to issue stock via the stock exchange itself, nor must stock be subsequently traded on the exchange. Such trading is said to be off exchange or over-the-counter. This is the usual way that derivatives and bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a global market for securities.

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stock exchange

Karachi Stock Exchange

Contents

History

Business

Trading

Growth

2008 Karachi Stock Exchange Crisis

See also

References

External links

Osaka Securities Exchange

Osaka Securities Exchange

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

New York Stock Exchange

New York Stock Exchange

Contents

Istanbul Stock Exchange

Istanbul Stock Exchange

Hong Kong Stock Exchange

Hong Kong Stock Exchange

History

NYSE Logo

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Events

information of stok exchange

Contents